Basco, catalám e galego
Diego Bernal
A língua basca é a língua própria do País Basco e Navarra. No século XX, o basco estava numha situaçom dramática. Tinha poucos falantes, estava fragmentada, carecia de tradiçom literária medieval e era muito difícil de aprender. Porém soubêrom tornar vantagens o que à partida eram inconvenientes. Gabárom-se de ser a língua mais antiga da Europa, elaborárom um discurso democrático de defesa da diversidade lingüística e figérom questom em mostrar a utilidade de conhecer um código que os unia e identificava como povo e, aliás, lhes permitia comunicar-se sem serem entendidos por outros. Com a receita antigüidade, ecologia e identidade o basco ganhou falantes e futuro.
O catalám é umha língua minoritária que chegou a finais do século XX menorizada na maioria dos territórios em que era falada. Encontrava-se numha posiçom de fraqueza em relaçom ao castelhano, umha das línguas mais faladas do planeta. A Catalunha, altamente industrializada, recebeu milhares de trabalhadores que falavam castelhano. O catalám, perseguido e proibido na ditadura, recuava. No entanto, também tinha pontos fortes. O novo governo autónomo sabia da sua vitalidade no pequeno comércio e fijo leis para o proteger. Hoje o catalám é a língua da economia e dos negócios e língua veicular no ensino. Além do mais, valorizou-se o através de prestigiosas entidades como o F.C. Barcelona e desportistas como Guardiola ou Piqué. A receita catalá foi economia, ensino e prestígio social. O catalám virou a língua menorizada mais importante da Uniom Europeia com cerca de 11 milhons de pessoas alfabetizadas.
O galego chegava no último quartel do século XX melhor posicionado que o basco e o catalám. Era a língua maioritária da Galiza e tinha umha rica tradiçom escrita medieval. No entanto, tinha importantes pontos fracos. As elites políticas e económicas falavam castelhano e o galego estava estigmatizado e confinado no mundo camponês e marinheiro. A queda de falantes era constante. Contodo, tinha no seu ADN umha arma secreta invencível: o galego podia entrar na Champions League das línguas internacionais. Tornar-se, num piscar de olhos, a língua mais falada do hemisfério sul. Deixar de ser umha sofredora fala regional para se converter na língua de 250 milhons de pessoas e oficial em 8 estados e na UE. Os custos eram mínimos, o ganho extraordinário. A Galiza seria um dos territórios mais privilegiados do mundo do ponto linguístico. Os seus habitantes poderiam dominar as duas línguas romances mais faladas do planeta e comunicar com mais de 700 milhons de pessoas.
Infelizmente, quigemos ser o que nunca fomos, umha língua minoritária como a catalá e única como o basco.
“Os galegos têm a sorte rara de poderem fazer essa opção, coisa do que não se podem gabar bascos e catalães” advertia o erudito português e galegófilo, Rodrigues Lapa.
Mais umha vez na história, as nossas elites figérom a escolha errada. E se mudarmos de receita? Com os dados em cima da mesa, acho que vale a pena tentar.
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